where will the street children in Brazil be taken right now?

EAP2 C 074 class
Research Paper
Name : Sungjun Ha

I. Introduction
Brazil has some problems because of too many young people. Especially, too many children is the most serious problem in Brazil., Even though population of Brazil has so many children, the government of Brazil can not take care of them. In fact, Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, President of Brazil, talked about his priority policy at the 11th United Nations conference on Trade and Development in San Paulo. “He said that his main objective is to fight hunger and porverty and 32 million children and adolescents live in families with less than 40$ a month”(Soca, 2007, par. 1). So, Many children in Brazil are going out of their home and they cause many social problems to decline the economical potentiality of Brazil. According to Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva’s speech in the conference, the street children of Brazil consist of the child workers, the prostitute and the rioter(Soca, 2007, par. 2).

Accordingly, In the long view, the government of Brazil must try children to enter the public school for constantly economical development in spite of the big financial stress of the government. In other words, the government of Brazil need compulsory education not only to decrease the number of the street children but to preserve their human rights and to enhance the economical potentiality of Brazil as well.

II. Background
Actually, the problem of the street children does not happen lately. It is one of the chronic sociall ills if Brazil(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Especially, the street girls who are prostitutes cause the illegal abortion in Brazil. The government of Brazil definded that the street children are working children, street girls or child rioters.

Working children are the most serious problem of the street children because they are composed of girls and boys and they are working as farmers(soca, 2007, par. 4). Farming is too heavy for children to work but many children can not help participating in such works for their living. Moreover, the children working as the farmers may have grave health problem because children’s bones and muscles are not completely mature(Soca, 2007, Par. 5. So, many government and international organizations for children prohibit the children under 15 or 18 years old to join in heavy labors such as a farmer and a daily worker of the construction because child labor may cause many children to have serious health problems or to be forbidden to go to the school(Human rights watch, 2006, Par. 2 and Par. 3).

Another type of street children is the prostitutes. In this case, we must consider only many girls. According to the article, written by “the Brazilian Center for Childhood and adolescence (CBIA) has recently estimated that there are about 500,000 girls who have turned to prostitution to earn a living. Some of these girls are as young as nine years old”(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Thus condition of girls who turned to prostitution cause the illegal abortion to occur to threaten many pregnant girls as well as such girls to be squeezed sexually or economically by their parents or other adults.

Finally, criminal children are the most dangerous problem of the street children. Especially, the violences by children make other people kill or hurt. And these behaviors are caused by low income of child labor and the social dissatisfaction because they are working in dirty places are given to less than 40$ a month(Soca, 2007, par. 1). Furthermore, they have the criminal histories through the violences. They fight their employers or other colleagues or they may kill other people who join in the violences or fight. The violences of the street children is as serious social problem as the riots of the hooligans at soccer game. According to the article, written by Ricardo Soca, “A government report states that between September and November 2002 a total of 9,555 adolescents were deprived of liberty in Brazil. Of that total, 90 percent were males, 60 percent were black, 51 percent did not attend school, and 49 percent did not work”(Soca, 2007, Par. 13).

III. Main Argument
Now, I would like to suggest to eliminate or reduce these social problems. First, to decline working children is the most important and basic solution to get rid of the street children’s problems because the prostitute girls are one type of the working children and both working children and streetwalking girls have the same motive. Accordingly, we can adopt the same solution to reduce the working children and prostitutes. So, I strongly suggest to establish the compulsory education system for the brazilian children who range from 8 or 19 years old. Especially, high school after elementary school(1-6 or 9 grade) or middle school(7 - 9 grade) has to designate to prepare vocations, besides, many children have to join in working for their family(Deutsche Welle, 2007, Par. 1). Actually, many LDCs have educated job training to high school students. In case of Korean education system, some high schools are called “industrial high school” and they have taught the accountancy, welding, agriculture and hoticulture and so on to the high school students. And they have worked as one of the most essential labors to enhance economical growth in Korea since 1960s. Of course, the government of brazil will not be sure of this educational policy and unpredictable finance is needed to carry out; however, the government of Brazil had better consider this policy detailedly because children participating in labor market or in exploitation despite young age without particular skills must earn the money to live.

Particularly, young girls in the exploitation market more need job training to catch the job and to escape from the prostitution because they are weaker than boys and job training is suitable for many streetwalking girls to have opportunity for work such as hair designer, hand-made worker, accountant and so on. And government of Brazil can designate a few jobs to reservational job for girls. Actually, some countries carry out this policy for the minor group. For example, In the United States, the license for operating vending machine and facility in federal buildings is given only legal blind people. And the government of Brazil may be able to operate sheltered work places for young prostitutes and purchase the commodities which girls make in these work places. It is a kind of procurement.

Finally, violent children are related to other types of the street children because working children and some prostitutes occur to many violences because of fighting between several small groups and unsatisfactions about their income. Since Many street children do not know the public resistances to bother themselves and not to be equally, they are getting more violent. Accordingly, these children need some emotional controlling programs to reduce violences. Especially, the public schools have many programs to help the students to grow well except for making peer groups and collective activities(UNICEF, no year, Par. 2).

However, some people may worry about the financial problem to carry out compulsory education system and job training. Of course, it is true. Nevertheless, the government of Brazil will not able to recover these problems if the government don’t intervene because the compulsory education system need much money to carry out. And this reason is not suitable to disagree to the compulsory education system; besides, the education policy is hard to evaluate the results as well as to assess the efficiency of the execution of the budget. In spite of this fact, many nations spend a lot of budget to execute their education policies. Furthermore, if the government of Brazil carry out this policy to decline the street children, the government not only may reduce the street children but maintain the potentiality of economical development as well. In fact, to enhance and to keep up the potentiality of growth is not as good policy as the education policy.

IV. conclusion
To conclude, the street children is the most serious problem to decrease the potentiality of growth and to prevent the children from growing soundly. Therefore, the government of Brazil will have to establish and to carry out compulsory education system including the special job training for girls in order to hold tack with the growth potentiality and prevent the children from abusing and rioting. Indeed, children who work in heavy labor places are dangerous to grow healthfully because heavy works are harmful to develop normally.

References

Deutsche Welle(March 2rd, 2004) Brazil: Getting Children Back to School, retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1103646,00.html

Human Rights Watch (2006)Child Labor, Retrieved on July 4st, 2007 from http://hrw.org/children/labor.htm

Oliveira, S (December, 1995) CHILD PROSTITUTION ON THE RISE IN BRAZIL - the International Child Resource Institute. Retrieved on July 21st, 2007 from http://www.pangaea.org/street_children/latin/prost.htm

Soca, R, (2007) Hunger, poverty create breeding-ground for social ills – International Press Service(IPS). Retrieved on July 20th from http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=24213

UNICEF (no year) Football helps to reach reach out to poor children in Brazil, Retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.unicef.org/football/world/brazil.html