Summary response #1
EAP 2 C Writing class
Name : Sungjun Ha
Recently in Brazil, to allow the abortion to be legally is controversial issue. Even though Brazil is known as one of the largest Catholic countries and as one of the nations forbidding abortion without a reasonable cause for it, the Papal cort and the government of Brazil have different opinions about accepting legal abortion because the government of Brazil is likely to amend its criminal law to accept the legal abortion. So, I would like to summarize an article, published by Ekklesia on 11 May 2007 and written by its staff writers, and offer my opinion about it. The title of this article is "Pope rallies Brazil faithful, but president is unmoved on abortion". According to the article, Pope Benedict XVI basically disagrees with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, president of Brazil. Lately, the government of Brazil is due to amend the criminal law to enable pregnant women to have an abortion legally. This article states that W.H.O calculated that there were about a million illegal abortions in Brazil in 2006. Because of these illegal abortions, More brazilian women have the serious problem to keeping their health. So the government of Brazil will modify the abortion policy; how ever, the Pope and the Vatican not only dissent it but do their best to put the blocks on legalizing abortion. First the Pope, Benedict XVI, visited Brazil and had a private meeting with president. And then, he addressed many brazilians about disapproving legal abortion through several Catholic conventions such as prayer convention and Latin American bishop’s conference. On the other hand, Jose Gomes Temperao, Health Minister of Brazil, said that religion and politics must be separated and both the Pope and the Vatican had to stop intervening in the debate of the issue. How ever, I consent to banning by the law because it is obviously murder, pregnancy is a kind of bliss from God whether a man and a woman want it or not and legalization of the abortion causes young people to have sex indiscreetly.
First, the abortion is certainly sinful behavior. Although unborn children do not register their births and don't express their emotions to their parents, they feel any emotions like their mothers and have the instinct to live. For example, during a surgical operation to cause abortion, unborn children avoid surgical instruments in order to stay alive in the uterus since they recognize that the instruments will kill them. And from long long time ago to now, many Korean and Chinese pregnant women have been interested in prenatal care which trues to teach unborn children.. They do try not to see bad things, struggle to hear beautiful music, sounds and words like faith, hope or charity and do strive not to behave impolitely because eight mother's feeling, thought and behavior influence on those of an unborn child or thus facts are regarded as a life like existent person. Accordingly, the abortion is not suitable counterplan.
Next, pregnancy is the greatest behavior that the human can do. The Lord give the human particular ability to maintain the human by themselves. It is pregnancy and parturition. All people have the mother and father bearing themselves whether they know who their parents are or not. It is unchangeable law. For instance, please, think about yourself! If your parents did not exist in the world, you wouldn't be able to exist now. And because the greatest person in the world as well as you have just only a biological couple of parents, each individual is as important as person than any other people on the Earth. If you know this fact, you must be concern about unborn children’s as well as born children;s significance. Therefore, prevention of conception rather than abortion is more ethical.
Finally, the acceptance of legal abortion is related to an increase in unmarried sex. Even though the sex between a man and a woman are allowed traditionally when they marry each other, many young people would just enjoy the sex regardless of marrage. In this condition, legal abortion makes young people not consider pregnancies before the sex. And when the woman knows she has the pregnancy, she may decide to have the abortion without the guilty conscience. As a matter of fact, the abortion is sometimes required to save a life-threatened, pregnant women or to recover the normal life of the woman who is assaulted; how ever, this is a special case and is an essential decision in order to protect the woman’s right as a human. Therefore, legal abortion will cause young Brazilians to have more sex rather than protect women's health from illegal abortion.
Now to conclusion, legalizing abortion in Brazil causes Brazilians to have a disturbed conception about the abortion. Even if the pregnancy and childbirth are the greatest luck from the Lord, they are the most momentous roles of the human to maintain our society successively and to keep illegal abortion prevents many young Brazilians from unmarried, distorted sexes, the government of Brazil is trying to legalize the abortion. It is not reasonable, rational solution to protect women's health from illegal abortion. It is just the simplest and the most irresponsible counterplan to threathen women’s health.
Reference
Pope rallies brazil faithful, president is unmoved on abortion. (2007, May 11). Ekklesia. Retrieved on July 13, 2007 from Lexis-Nexis database.
Monday, August 6, 2007
where will the street children in Brazil be taken right now?
EAP2 C 074 class
Research Paper
Name : Sungjun Ha
I. Introduction
Brazil has some problems because of too many young people. Especially, too many children is the most serious problem in Brazil., Even though population of Brazil has so many children, the government of Brazil can not take care of them. In fact, Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, President of Brazil, talked about his priority policy at the 11th United Nations conference on Trade and Development in San Paulo. “He said that his main objective is to fight hunger and porverty and 32 million children and adolescents live in families with less than 40$ a month”(Soca, 2007, par. 1). So, Many children in Brazil are going out of their home and they cause many social problems to decline the economical potentiality of Brazil. According to Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva’s speech in the conference, the street children of Brazil consist of the child workers, the prostitute and the rioter(Soca, 2007, par. 2).
Accordingly, In the long view, the government of Brazil must try children to enter the public school for constantly economical development in spite of the big financial stress of the government. In other words, the government of Brazil need compulsory education not only to decrease the number of the street children but to preserve their human rights and to enhance the economical potentiality of Brazil as well.
II. Background
Actually, the problem of the street children does not happen lately. It is one of the chronic sociall ills if Brazil(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Especially, the street girls who are prostitutes cause the illegal abortion in Brazil. The government of Brazil definded that the street children are working children, street girls or child rioters.
Working children are the most serious problem of the street children because they are composed of girls and boys and they are working as farmers(soca, 2007, par. 4). Farming is too heavy for children to work but many children can not help participating in such works for their living. Moreover, the children working as the farmers may have grave health problem because children’s bones and muscles are not completely mature(Soca, 2007, Par. 5. So, many government and international organizations for children prohibit the children under 15 or 18 years old to join in heavy labors such as a farmer and a daily worker of the construction because child labor may cause many children to have serious health problems or to be forbidden to go to the school(Human rights watch, 2006, Par. 2 and Par. 3).
Another type of street children is the prostitutes. In this case, we must consider only many girls. According to the article, written by “the Brazilian Center for Childhood and adolescence (CBIA) has recently estimated that there are about 500,000 girls who have turned to prostitution to earn a living. Some of these girls are as young as nine years old”(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Thus condition of girls who turned to prostitution cause the illegal abortion to occur to threaten many pregnant girls as well as such girls to be squeezed sexually or economically by their parents or other adults.
Finally, criminal children are the most dangerous problem of the street children. Especially, the violences by children make other people kill or hurt. And these behaviors are caused by low income of child labor and the social dissatisfaction because they are working in dirty places are given to less than 40$ a month(Soca, 2007, par. 1). Furthermore, they have the criminal histories through the violences. They fight their employers or other colleagues or they may kill other people who join in the violences or fight. The violences of the street children is as serious social problem as the riots of the hooligans at soccer game. According to the article, written by Ricardo Soca, “A government report states that between September and November 2002 a total of 9,555 adolescents were deprived of liberty in Brazil. Of that total, 90 percent were males, 60 percent were black, 51 percent did not attend school, and 49 percent did not work”(Soca, 2007, Par. 13).
III. Main Argument
Now, I would like to suggest to eliminate or reduce these social problems. First, to decline working children is the most important and basic solution to get rid of the street children’s problems because the prostitute girls are one type of the working children and both working children and streetwalking girls have the same motive. Accordingly, we can adopt the same solution to reduce the working children and prostitutes. So, I strongly suggest to establish the compulsory education system for the brazilian children who range from 8 or 19 years old. Especially, high school after elementary school(1-6 or 9 grade) or middle school(7 - 9 grade) has to designate to prepare vocations, besides, many children have to join in working for their family(Deutsche Welle, 2007, Par. 1). Actually, many LDCs have educated job training to high school students. In case of Korean education system, some high schools are called “industrial high school” and they have taught the accountancy, welding, agriculture and hoticulture and so on to the high school students. And they have worked as one of the most essential labors to enhance economical growth in Korea since 1960s. Of course, the government of brazil will not be sure of this educational policy and unpredictable finance is needed to carry out; however, the government of Brazil had better consider this policy detailedly because children participating in labor market or in exploitation despite young age without particular skills must earn the money to live.
Particularly, young girls in the exploitation market more need job training to catch the job and to escape from the prostitution because they are weaker than boys and job training is suitable for many streetwalking girls to have opportunity for work such as hair designer, hand-made worker, accountant and so on. And government of Brazil can designate a few jobs to reservational job for girls. Actually, some countries carry out this policy for the minor group. For example, In the United States, the license for operating vending machine and facility in federal buildings is given only legal blind people. And the government of Brazil may be able to operate sheltered work places for young prostitutes and purchase the commodities which girls make in these work places. It is a kind of procurement.
Finally, violent children are related to other types of the street children because working children and some prostitutes occur to many violences because of fighting between several small groups and unsatisfactions about their income. Since Many street children do not know the public resistances to bother themselves and not to be equally, they are getting more violent. Accordingly, these children need some emotional controlling programs to reduce violences. Especially, the public schools have many programs to help the students to grow well except for making peer groups and collective activities(UNICEF, no year, Par. 2).
However, some people may worry about the financial problem to carry out compulsory education system and job training. Of course, it is true. Nevertheless, the government of Brazil will not able to recover these problems if the government don’t intervene because the compulsory education system need much money to carry out. And this reason is not suitable to disagree to the compulsory education system; besides, the education policy is hard to evaluate the results as well as to assess the efficiency of the execution of the budget. In spite of this fact, many nations spend a lot of budget to execute their education policies. Furthermore, if the government of Brazil carry out this policy to decline the street children, the government not only may reduce the street children but maintain the potentiality of economical development as well. In fact, to enhance and to keep up the potentiality of growth is not as good policy as the education policy.
IV. conclusion
To conclude, the street children is the most serious problem to decrease the potentiality of growth and to prevent the children from growing soundly. Therefore, the government of Brazil will have to establish and to carry out compulsory education system including the special job training for girls in order to hold tack with the growth potentiality and prevent the children from abusing and rioting. Indeed, children who work in heavy labor places are dangerous to grow healthfully because heavy works are harmful to develop normally.
References
Deutsche Welle(March 2rd, 2004) Brazil: Getting Children Back to School, retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1103646,00.html
Human Rights Watch (2006)Child Labor, Retrieved on July 4st, 2007 from http://hrw.org/children/labor.htm
Oliveira, S (December, 1995) CHILD PROSTITUTION ON THE RISE IN BRAZIL - the International Child Resource Institute. Retrieved on July 21st, 2007 from http://www.pangaea.org/street_children/latin/prost.htm
Soca, R, (2007) Hunger, poverty create breeding-ground for social ills – International Press Service(IPS). Retrieved on July 20th from http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=24213
UNICEF (no year) Football helps to reach reach out to poor children in Brazil, Retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.unicef.org/football/world/brazil.html
Research Paper
Name : Sungjun Ha
I. Introduction
Brazil has some problems because of too many young people. Especially, too many children is the most serious problem in Brazil., Even though population of Brazil has so many children, the government of Brazil can not take care of them. In fact, Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, President of Brazil, talked about his priority policy at the 11th United Nations conference on Trade and Development in San Paulo. “He said that his main objective is to fight hunger and porverty and 32 million children and adolescents live in families with less than 40$ a month”(Soca, 2007, par. 1). So, Many children in Brazil are going out of their home and they cause many social problems to decline the economical potentiality of Brazil. According to Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva’s speech in the conference, the street children of Brazil consist of the child workers, the prostitute and the rioter(Soca, 2007, par. 2).
Accordingly, In the long view, the government of Brazil must try children to enter the public school for constantly economical development in spite of the big financial stress of the government. In other words, the government of Brazil need compulsory education not only to decrease the number of the street children but to preserve their human rights and to enhance the economical potentiality of Brazil as well.
II. Background
Actually, the problem of the street children does not happen lately. It is one of the chronic sociall ills if Brazil(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Especially, the street girls who are prostitutes cause the illegal abortion in Brazil. The government of Brazil definded that the street children are working children, street girls or child rioters.
Working children are the most serious problem of the street children because they are composed of girls and boys and they are working as farmers(soca, 2007, par. 4). Farming is too heavy for children to work but many children can not help participating in such works for their living. Moreover, the children working as the farmers may have grave health problem because children’s bones and muscles are not completely mature(Soca, 2007, Par. 5. So, many government and international organizations for children prohibit the children under 15 or 18 years old to join in heavy labors such as a farmer and a daily worker of the construction because child labor may cause many children to have serious health problems or to be forbidden to go to the school(Human rights watch, 2006, Par. 2 and Par. 3).
Another type of street children is the prostitutes. In this case, we must consider only many girls. According to the article, written by “the Brazilian Center for Childhood and adolescence (CBIA) has recently estimated that there are about 500,000 girls who have turned to prostitution to earn a living. Some of these girls are as young as nine years old”(Oliveira, 1995, Par. 1). Thus condition of girls who turned to prostitution cause the illegal abortion to occur to threaten many pregnant girls as well as such girls to be squeezed sexually or economically by their parents or other adults.
Finally, criminal children are the most dangerous problem of the street children. Especially, the violences by children make other people kill or hurt. And these behaviors are caused by low income of child labor and the social dissatisfaction because they are working in dirty places are given to less than 40$ a month(Soca, 2007, par. 1). Furthermore, they have the criminal histories through the violences. They fight their employers or other colleagues or they may kill other people who join in the violences or fight. The violences of the street children is as serious social problem as the riots of the hooligans at soccer game. According to the article, written by Ricardo Soca, “A government report states that between September and November 2002 a total of 9,555 adolescents were deprived of liberty in Brazil. Of that total, 90 percent were males, 60 percent were black, 51 percent did not attend school, and 49 percent did not work”(Soca, 2007, Par. 13).
III. Main Argument
Now, I would like to suggest to eliminate or reduce these social problems. First, to decline working children is the most important and basic solution to get rid of the street children’s problems because the prostitute girls are one type of the working children and both working children and streetwalking girls have the same motive. Accordingly, we can adopt the same solution to reduce the working children and prostitutes. So, I strongly suggest to establish the compulsory education system for the brazilian children who range from 8 or 19 years old. Especially, high school after elementary school(1-6 or 9 grade) or middle school(7 - 9 grade) has to designate to prepare vocations, besides, many children have to join in working for their family(Deutsche Welle, 2007, Par. 1). Actually, many LDCs have educated job training to high school students. In case of Korean education system, some high schools are called “industrial high school” and they have taught the accountancy, welding, agriculture and hoticulture and so on to the high school students. And they have worked as one of the most essential labors to enhance economical growth in Korea since 1960s. Of course, the government of brazil will not be sure of this educational policy and unpredictable finance is needed to carry out; however, the government of Brazil had better consider this policy detailedly because children participating in labor market or in exploitation despite young age without particular skills must earn the money to live.
Particularly, young girls in the exploitation market more need job training to catch the job and to escape from the prostitution because they are weaker than boys and job training is suitable for many streetwalking girls to have opportunity for work such as hair designer, hand-made worker, accountant and so on. And government of Brazil can designate a few jobs to reservational job for girls. Actually, some countries carry out this policy for the minor group. For example, In the United States, the license for operating vending machine and facility in federal buildings is given only legal blind people. And the government of Brazil may be able to operate sheltered work places for young prostitutes and purchase the commodities which girls make in these work places. It is a kind of procurement.
Finally, violent children are related to other types of the street children because working children and some prostitutes occur to many violences because of fighting between several small groups and unsatisfactions about their income. Since Many street children do not know the public resistances to bother themselves and not to be equally, they are getting more violent. Accordingly, these children need some emotional controlling programs to reduce violences. Especially, the public schools have many programs to help the students to grow well except for making peer groups and collective activities(UNICEF, no year, Par. 2).
However, some people may worry about the financial problem to carry out compulsory education system and job training. Of course, it is true. Nevertheless, the government of Brazil will not able to recover these problems if the government don’t intervene because the compulsory education system need much money to carry out. And this reason is not suitable to disagree to the compulsory education system; besides, the education policy is hard to evaluate the results as well as to assess the efficiency of the execution of the budget. In spite of this fact, many nations spend a lot of budget to execute their education policies. Furthermore, if the government of Brazil carry out this policy to decline the street children, the government not only may reduce the street children but maintain the potentiality of economical development as well. In fact, to enhance and to keep up the potentiality of growth is not as good policy as the education policy.
IV. conclusion
To conclude, the street children is the most serious problem to decrease the potentiality of growth and to prevent the children from growing soundly. Therefore, the government of Brazil will have to establish and to carry out compulsory education system including the special job training for girls in order to hold tack with the growth potentiality and prevent the children from abusing and rioting. Indeed, children who work in heavy labor places are dangerous to grow healthfully because heavy works are harmful to develop normally.
References
Deutsche Welle(March 2rd, 2004) Brazil: Getting Children Back to School, retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1103646,00.html
Human Rights Watch (2006)Child Labor, Retrieved on July 4st, 2007 from http://hrw.org/children/labor.htm
Oliveira, S (December, 1995) CHILD PROSTITUTION ON THE RISE IN BRAZIL - the International Child Resource Institute. Retrieved on July 21st, 2007 from http://www.pangaea.org/street_children/latin/prost.htm
Soca, R, (2007) Hunger, poverty create breeding-ground for social ills – International Press Service(IPS). Retrieved on July 20th from http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=24213
UNICEF (no year) Football helps to reach reach out to poor children in Brazil, Retrieved on August 4st, 2007 from http://www.unicef.org/football/world/brazil.html
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